Cybersecurity has undergone massive shifts technology-wise, led by data science. The extraction of security incident patterns or insights from cybersecurity data and building data-driven models on it is the key to making a security system automated and intelligent. Cybersecurity data science is a phenomenon where the data and analytics acquired from relevant cybersecurity sources suit the data-driven patterns that give more effective security solutions. The concept of cybersecurity data science makes the computing process more actionable and intelligent when compared to traditional ones in cybersecurity. Therefore, an ML-based multi-layered framework for cybersecurity modelling is sought after today. Today, companies depend more on digitalisation and Internet-of-Things (IoT) after various security issues like unauthorised access, malware attack, zero-day attack, data breach, denial of service (DoS), social engineering or phishing surfaced at a significant rate.

In a computing context, cybersecurity is undergoing massive shifts in technology and its operations in recent days, and data science is driving the change. Extracting security incident patterns or insights from cybersecurity data and building corresponding data-driven model, is the key to make a security system automated and intelligent. To understand and analyze the actual phenomena with data, various scientific methods, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems are used, which is commonly known as data science. In this paper, we focus and briefly discuss on cybersecurity data science, where the data is being gathered from relevant cybersecurity sources, and the analytics complement the latest data-driven patterns for providing more effective security solutions. The concept of cybersecurity data science allows making the computing process more actionable and intelligent as compared to traditional ones in the domain of cybersecurity. We then discuss and summarize a number of associated research issues and future directions. Furthermore, we provide a machine learning based multi-layered framework for the purpose of cybersecurity modeling. Overall, our goal is not only to discuss cybersecurity data science and relevant methods but also to focus the applicability towards data-driven intelligent decision making for protecting the systems from cyber-attacks.